ang1我今天讲的内容是民国时期新人的婚服。选择这个时代是因为，处于社会转型期的民国，在西学东渐的影响下，民国婚俗呈现出新旧交替，中戏杂糅的、多元发展的过渡下面是小编为大家整理的ang10篇,供大家参考。
ang篇1
1我今天讲的内容是民国时期新人的婚服。选择这个时代是因为，处于社会转型期的民国，在西学东渐的影响下，民国婚俗呈现出新旧交替，中戏杂糅的、多元发展的过渡形态特征。 ，婚礼服饰作为社会形态的物质表现在这个时期也更加的多样化和新颖。 2这是去年网上疯传的一段民国结婚证上的话，“”
3处于过渡时期的民国，在婚俗变革上并不是一蹴而就的，根据接受西方文明的程度不同，依旧保留了旧式传统婚俗，也有全盘西化的结婚仪式，当然也衍生出中西合璧的新式婚礼
礼服经历了从传统到接受西方文化再到中西合璧的过程。婚礼服是民间服饰的重要组成部分，也是社会风俗的一部分，对此研究能够复原当时风俗变迁的风貌。婚礼服的变革是中国近代时期移风易俗的表现之一。当时社会的经济、生活、文化都发生了巨变，人们的价值观、道德观甚至是审美观都随之发生了改变。
文明结婚之前一直都是民间的社会习俗，到了30年代的时候，政府将这种变革纳入到法律条文当中去。就有了〈〉〈〉服饰条例制定以后，就相当于为后来大热的中西合璧婚礼旗袍正名了。
1935年4月3日下午3时，全国的首届集团结婚典礼，在上海江湾的上海市政府大礼堂举行。参加者共57对新夫妇。按统一要求，新郎均着蓝袍黑褂，新娘均着粉红色软缎 9新式婚礼中，新娘可以全程露面，所以旧式婚礼中的盖头就被取消了，取而代之的是缀在脑后、固定在花冠下的浅色披巾或披纱。新式婚礼规范中要求的是“罩纱”，其意是罩满头顶甚至面部的纱。但中式花冠区别于西式花环无顶结构，无需将头纱罩满头顶，只需垂在冠沿上即可；而且中国传统婚嫁礼俗中，不崇尚纱质这等透明 或半透明性的头饰，所以“纱”被白色或浅色的绸缎或其他不透明的面料代替，按照传统的称谓就是“巾”。
11民国时期各类戏曲仍是当时所追捧的艺术形式，有条件的爱美女性，都会到照相馆中拍一张戏服照片留作纪念。所以戏曲的服饰和头饰自然会被当作时尚元素与婚礼的头饰结合起来。
“自然，戏服中的头饰也可被当做是时尚之选被用在婚庆之礼上了。
戏装头饰不会以本来面目出现在与婚礼旗袍的搭配当中，多数是简化后的重新演绎版，有的结合到花冠上，有的结合到罩纱上，没有固定的形式。 有一种花冠（图 61），以珠冠为底座，上缀花朵，形神与传统京剧中的女武将的帅盔如出一辙（图 60）。花冠底座与帅盔一样，在额前正中的位置都有一个中心图形，多为传统图案（图 61 中为盘长结图案）；而且冠上花朵的大小和插放位置也与帅盔的绒球相似，由中心向两边延伸，形成团花簇拥的顶角之势 有一种花冠（图 63），仍是珠冠为底座，但冠上只缀一朵大花形。花朵用绸缎系扣打结而成，酷似传统京剧中的“绸子打头”的单顶彩球
14婚礼旗袍城乡有别到了 40 年代末，婚纱已经成为城市婚礼中的绝对主角，但婚礼旗袍在乡镇、乡村地区仍是绝对的流行先锋。贫苦的农民无置办旧式婚礼的经济能力，索性赶一把时髦，穿旗袍披头纱来一次新式婚礼（图
7、图 8）。虽礼数不周、装扮简陋，树枝当花环，红绸乱扎在头上，被“固执”的同乡不屑一顾，但却表明了“文明结婚”思想在乡村还是有发展的可能
16集团结婚，也叫集体结婚，或集团婚礼。人们改革婚礼的一大成果。集团结婚首先兴起于20世纪30年代的上海。 20世纪30年代中期，杭州、上海、北平等地的许多有识之士认为，旧式婚礼已不适用，新式婚礼又无一定的标准颇感不便。为此，在新生活运动的推动下，上海市政府看到这种状况，就依照西方而制定了一种集体结婚的办法。
1935年2月7 El，上海市社会局公布了以简单、经济庄严为宗旨的集团结婚办法。其中规定凡本市市民举行婚礼，得申请参加集团结婚礼；集团结婚每月第二个星期三在市政府大礼堂举行，由市长、社会局局长证婚；参加者应向社会局申请核准，并缴纳婚礼费20元；市政府印发结婚证书等。
18婚礼旗袍使用黄色，要与婚服的另一个传统喜好有关。婚礼着官服，是中华民族传统婚服文化的一大特色。虽封建官级着装严格，但对新婚男女可网开一面。《续通典》中记载“庶人婚嫁，但得假用九品服。妇服花钗大袖，所谓凤冠霞帔，于典制实物明文也。”新郎可婚礼上穿九品官服，新娘可佩带至尊之女专有的凤冠霞帔，一来满足虚荣心，二来可以求一个好兆头。以往象征高贵身份的黄色，如今可被自由应用，当然是婚礼服色的新选项。 1927 年蒋介石、宋美龄婚礼将新式文明婚礼范例式地昭告于天下，成为众人向往的典范。而这场婚礼的主婚人是南京国民政府礼制服章审定会及大学院院长蔡元培。蒋宋婚礼分为中西两部分，但最著名的当属西式婚礼环节。仪式中，宋美龄一身白色长裙礼服，头纱上绕着花环绵长飘逸，白手套，白色高跟皮鞋，手执玫瑰花束，枝蔓垂地。这身装束，令所有的青年女子为之羡慕不已，此后，白色婚纱在上海滩便广泛流行起来。蒋宋婚礼，算是揭开了中国新娘着婚纱的序幕。宋美龄穿着的虽被称为西式婚纱礼服，可无论从礼服的款式还是结构上来看。
21是 20 年代一对知识分子夫妻的结婚照，朴素简单，没有过多装饰。新娘穿着的旗袍淡色素雅，在倒大袖的袖口中露出波浪形边缘的蕾丝里衬边。此处的波浪边缘可能是缝合在里衬边缘的一条波浪形蕾丝花边。这种制作方法大大减少了婚礼旗袍的成本，也能表现出波浪形边缘旗袍的温柔、女性化的感觉（普通人无法负担全部外来面料的旗，所以仅在一处缝上这种面料）。
40年代，婚礼旗袍谢幕，西式婚纱礼服
民国后期的旗袍领婚纱礼服40 年代中后期，上色照片为我们记录下了中国式婚纱的一段有些尴尬的转型期。有一种雪白色的婚纱礼服，旗袍式立领，胸前、肩部造型丰富，袖身肥大， 腰身收紧，下摆宽大，头纱薄长；衣身采用化纤礼服面料或纱质面料，以追求蓬 松感（图
48、图
49、图 50）。图 49 和图 50 的肩部装饰，还有一点传统云肩的 感觉。这带有旗袍领子的婚纱礼服，将中西元素参合到一起，却搭配出了一种怪 怪的闷沉感，既没有了西式婚纱的轻灵，也没有中式旗袍的韵味，远没有之前立 领婚纱礼服形态完整耐看。
ang篇2
book4 module3 body language and non-verbal communication
learning paper 3 extensive reading
part one read the passage on page 29
1. read the passage and decide whether these statements are true or false.
① the custom of clapping appears in the last century. ( )
② applause meant thanks in classical athens. ( )
③ clapping is only a personal behavior. ( )
④ people never clap at a funeral. ( )
2. answer the questions.
① why do people clap?
② on what occasions we should clap and on what occasions we should not? and why?
③ prolonged clapping helped a play to win. why?
④ what is the sign of applause? and what is the important thing for applause?
⑤ what’s the similarity between clapping and laughter?
part two
read the article “culture awareness” on page 81.
1. read the article carefully and say if these statements are true or false, and correct it.
① if you are trying to sell something, it is better to do it through a telephone conversation.( )
②your body language will give others a specific impression of you.( )
③it is difficult to tell the difference between a genuine smile of pleasure and a false smile.( )
④ if you know what they said with words , you can understand what they really mean even you do not understand their body language codes.( )
⑤since much of our body language is universal, culture codes are almost the same.( )
⑥ even simple gestures may have a completely different meaning in other parts of the world. ( )
⑦it is appropriate to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time in any culture of the world. ( )
2. answer the questions
① why is it easier to sell someone something face to face?
② what does body language tell you about other people?
③ what does the circle sign made with three raised fingers mean in the us?
④ how is handshaking different in the west countries and in indonesia?
⑤ how can you avoid offending people when you travel to other countries?
part three
精读课文译文
说起“交流”，大多数人会想到单词或句子，虽然单词或句子十分重要，但我们也并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。我们经常看到无意识的身势语，但也有“习得”的身势语。习得的身势语在不同的文化中各不相同。
当我们被介绍给生人时，我们使用“习得的”身势语。跟动物一样，我们会保持警觉，直至知道安全的时候才放松。因此，在所有的文化中人们都有一种向陌生人打招呼的正规的方式，以表示他们并不具有侵犯倾向。欧美人的传统是握手，他们用右手握手——右手对多数人来说更有力一些。假如右手用于忙着与人打招呼就不可能握武器。因此，这种手势的意思是“我信任你，瞧，我没带威胁性的武器”，假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他们。我们在做交易时与人握手，意思就是“我们达成了协议，相互信任”。
亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但他们要用手。与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式是右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行礼。穆斯林行额手鞠躬礼，用手触左胸、嘴和额。印度人双手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。
即使是现在，人们在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。美国青年常常说着“击掌”来打招呼。说完后这个人举起手，手掌向外，五指张开。另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。这是现代常见的打招呼方式。
身势语对于任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。人们通过姿势表达的意思要比通过话语表达的更多。看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他们的心思吗？
part four.趣味英语
① 形容词+人体部位
all ears 全神贯注地听 all eyes 聚精会神地看
sweet tooth 爱吃甜食之人 cold shoulder 冷漠
② 人体部位+名词
brain storm 突有灵感 blood debt 血债
lip service 空口的应酬话
③ 动词+人体部位
keep/save face 保全面子 lose face 丢脸，失去面子
count heads点名 join hands 携手联合lose heart 沮丧
④ 人体部位对称或并列
face to face 面对面 heart to heart 交心
side by side 肩并肩 hand in hand 手拉手
neck and neck 并驾齐驱 arm in arm 挽臂
ang篇3
教学目标
I 重点词汇：
manage; wave; nod; realize; agreement, disagreement; while, manners; communicate; make sb….;body language; one another; not all…
II.日常交际用语：
1).请求
May / Could / Can I do that?
I wonder if I can do that.
Would / Do you mind if I come earlier?
Will you tell me if can go now?
2).允许
Yes, please. / Of course. / Sure. / Certainly.
Go ahead, please.
That’s all right. / OK.
It’s all right to me.
3).拒绝
I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed here.
You’d better not.
I’m afraid not. It’s not right.
III.：
动词不定式作宾语、定语、表语和状语。
教学建议
对话分析
This lesson is to use offer help and how to accept and refuse help. While the Ss learn about the way of expression from the dialogue. Give some phrases to practise how to use and grasp better the ability.
课文分析
This two materials about body language and train the Ss" abilities of reading and speaking. Though reading the passages, the main idea is to have difference body languages of the countries. For example; welcome, agreement and disagreement, no, yes, happy, so on. Meanwhile the two passages offer the Ss the opportunity to talk about the body language of China , British and other counties.
教学建议
The teacher give the Ss the questions bout the dialogue firstly. For example: If you need some help , how do you offer them to help? So on.
The teacher help the Ss to listen in order to understand well, after that the Ss speak and talk each other according the content of the dialogue., So the teacher organize some students to play a role about offers, or divide a few groups to discuss. Finally the teacher summarize the useful expression of the dialogue.
ang篇4
高二英语learning about language教案
book 5 unit 3 learning about language & using language
1. speed (sth.) up 【课文原句】
speed (sth.) up 加速；加快
1). 汽车一到高速公路就加速。cars speed up once they reach the highway.
2) 他们加快了生产速度。they have speeded up production.
知识链接： with all speed 以全速，开足马力 at high/low speed 以高速/低速 at a speed of 以……速度
活学活用：many countries are faced with the problem about how to economic development.
a. turn up b. speed up c .get up d. stay up
2.instant 【课文原句】
instant 1)n.瞬间；片刻
他停了一会儿。 he paused for an instant.
2) adj. 立即的；立刻的
服用一药剂后我立刻感到轻松。i felt instant relief after taking a doze of medicine.
知识链接：1）instantly =immediately 立刻；一……就……
① 尽管他睡得很香，但他还是立刻醒了。though he slept soundly, he awoke instantly.
② 我们一到家天气就下起雨来。it began to rain instantly we arrived home.
2) 常见用法 ： instant coffee 速溶咖啡 (at) any instant 随时；在任何情况下
on the instant 立即；马上 in an instant 立即；马上 he instant 一……就……
活学活用：1）you see the lightning it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
a. the instant b. for an instant c. on an instant d. in an instant
2) with the pace of modern life speeding up, food is more and more popular.
a. quick b. instant c. needy d. urgent
3.greedy 【课文原句】
.greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的
常见用法：be greedy for…… 渴望…… be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
1） 许多人都贪图金钱。many people are greedy for money.
2） 玛丽渴望获得更多的知识。mary is greedy to have more knowledge.
4.dispose 【课文原句】
dispose 处理；布置 常与介词of 连用构成固定短语，即 dispose of sb./sth.，表示去除、处理、舍弃某人/某物
1） 他被迫处理了自己的艺术珍藏。he was forced to dispose of his art treasures.
2） 所有的家具都已经处理掉了。all the furniture has been disposed of .
知识链接：disposal n.处理；安排；布置
unit3综合能力检测试卷
i.单项填空
1. there’s ___ cooking oil left in the house.
would you go to the corner store and get ___?
a. little; some b. little; any c. a little; some d. a little; any
2. the food was so ___ that the child couldn’t help tasting it.
a. smelly b. invited c. interesting d. inviting
3. it was raining heavily. little mary felt cold, so stood ___ to her mother.
a. close b. closely c. closed d. closing
4. – i prefer western food. it’s a kind of healthy food.
-- ___ but western food is said to be high in sugar and fat.
a. is that right? b. how do you know that?
c. do you really think so? d. who told you that?
5. _______ from the top of the hill, the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it.
a. viewing b. to be viewed c. viewed d. to be viewing
6.if you ____________ of mary, ask her to come and see me.
a. lose sight of b. catch sight of c. are in the sight of d. are at the sight of
7. i’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than ___ a room with others.
a. to share b. to have shared c. share d. sharing
8. the speech by the mayor of shanghai before the final voting for expo is strongly impressed ___ my memory.
a. to b. over c. by d. on
9. you should try to get a good night’s sleep ___ much work you have to do.
a. however b. no matter c. although d. whatever
10. the teacher couldn’t make himself ___ attention to because the students were so noisy.
a. to pay b. to be paid c. paid d. pay
11.___ straight on and you’ll see a church. you won’t miss it.
a. go b. going c. if you go d. when going
12. ___ warmly for his work, he was too ___ to fall asleep.
a. praising; excited b. to praise; exciting
c. praised; exciting d. praised; excited
13.i order not to be disturbed, i spent three hours ___ in my study.
a. locking b. locked c. to lock d. being locked
14. – in fact, i’m not used ___ to like that. -- neither am i.
a. to being spoken b. to be spoken c. to speak d. to speaking
15. the secretary reminded me ________ there was a meeting that afternoon.
a. of b. about c. that d. on
16. the train fell over the edge, but no one ________ much in the accident.
a. suffered b. injured c. damaged d. died
17.they will be as tall as you soon if they________.
a. keep on growing like that b. keep to grow like it
c. keep growing like that d. will keep growing like that
18. farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply ________ watering their fields.
a. through b. with c. by d. in
19. he asked us to ________them in carrying through their plan.
a. provide b. help c. assist d. offer
20. what do you think is the most ________ time to find him at home?
a. like b. likely c. possibly d. probably
ii、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(abc和d)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
what kind of homes will we live in the future? 21 can be sure，but scientists are working 22 new ideas now.da
some scientists are 23 about building whole cities under huge glass domes（圆顶）. 24 ， advanced heating and cooling systems will be25to control the weather in the domes.26 ，there will never be any 27 or snow，and the temperature will always be 28 .
perhaps everyone will live in vertical（垂直的）cities — high rises 29 are so large that they can30 all the necessities of life.since vertical cities will use 31 land than flat cities，and provide homes32more people，they will be practical for small countries that have33population.
34 idea that will be helpful to small countries is the 35 has already built homes, stores，and offices 36 the water of the mediterranean sea.
there are some people who think that we will go back to 37in caves. 38 the caves of the future will be very different from the caves of the stone age.farms and parks will be on the land 39 the cave city.when people want to go to the country or to a park，a short ride in a 40 will take them there.
21. a. somebody b. anybody c. nobody d. everybody
22. a. off b. out c. in d. by
23. a. thinking b. considering c. imagining d. suggesting
24. a. on the other hand b. as a result
c. of course d. at the same time
25. a. possible b. suitable c. pleasant d. necessary
26. a. similarly b. therefore c. according to d. moreover
27. a. cloud b. rain c. wind d. ice
28. a. cool b. warm c. comfortable d. satisfied
29. a. that b. they c. where d. who
30. a. construct b. continue c. remain d. contain
31. a. wider b. more c. less d. fewer
32. a. on b. to c. with d. for
33. a. a small b. a large c. a few d. many
34. a. one b. second c. next d. another
35. a. floating b. flowing c. shipping d. blowing
36. a. in b. above c. over d. on
37. a. live b. be living c. living d. having lived
38. a. also b. but c. then d. again
39. a. in b. under c. beside d. over
40. a.lift b. underground c. plane d. bus
iii. complete the sentences
41结果，我患了时间滞后症。
as a result , i _________ _______ “time lag”。
42英格兰被分成三个主要的地区。
england can be ________ _______ three main areas.
43这些雕像是用来纪念死去的诗人和作家。
these statues are ______ _______ ______ dead poets and writers.
44我看不见王平，迷路了。
i lost _________ ________ wang ping, and got lost.
45. 时间滞后症和乘飞机时得的时差反应相似。
the “time lag” is _______ _______ the “jet lag” you get when flying.
iv. word spelling
46. tv plays have great i___________ on people’s daily life.
47. it is u_______ to treat girls and boys differently.(不公平)
48. all the things need to be done again as a result of a computer e______.
49. it’s bad manners to read others’ p________ letters.(私人的)
50. he was soon back on his feet in such a comfortable s__________with so many beautiful trees and flowers.
51. students are r________ to get up at 6:00 am in school.
52. he could not buy the cars on display because of l_____ of money.
53. the uk c_______ of three countries.
54. in old times, it was parents that a________ their sons’ or daughters’ wedding.
55. he is not a_________ this afternoon; he has an important meeting to attend.
答案
1-5adaca 6---10bcdac 11---adbac 16---20acccb
21. 选c。没有人能够肯定未来的家园是什么样子的。
22. 选b。work out new ideas意思是“想出一些新的主意”。
23. 选a。think about意思是“思考”，“考虑”。
24. 选c。on the other hand意思为“另一方面”；as a result意思为“结果”；of course意思为“当然”；at the same time意思为“同时”。
25. 选d。当然，必须要有先进的制冷和制热系统来控制天气。
26. 选b。therefore意思为“因此”。
27. 选b。rain与snow相对应。
28. 选c。因为有制冷和制热系统来控制，所以温度会让人觉得很舒适。
29. 选a。这是一个定语从句。
30. 选d。contian意思为“含有”，“内有”。
31. 选c。这种垂直的城市用的土地要少。
32. 选d。provide sth, for sb.意思为“为某人提供某物”。
33. 选b。这对于人口较多，城市较小的地方比较实用。
34. 选d。another意思为“另外一个”。
35. 选a。float意思为“漂浮”，此处为现在分词短语作定语。
36. 选d。因为是漂在水面上的，所以用on。
37. 选c。go back to doing sth.意思为“重操旧业”。这里是指又重新生活在洞穴里。
38. 选b。这里表示转折，但是，与石器时代的洞穴不同。
39. 选d。over是指在洞穴的上方。
40. 选a。lift意思为“电梯”。
41. suffered from
42. divided into
43.in memory of
44. sight of
45. similar to
46. influence
47. unfair
48. error
49. private
50. surroundings
51. required
52. lack
53. consists
54.arranged
55. availabl
ang篇5
牛津高中英语教学设计
单 元：unit 2 language
板 块：welcome to the unit
课堂设计指导思想：
本课时是单元的第一课时，课型为听说课。“welcome to the unit”作为一个单元的起始，主要起到“预热”的功能，其具体作用体现在：
一、激活学生现有知识体系，为新知识的输入铺设台阶，铺平道路；
二、导入本单元的“main topic”，为整个单元的话题的讨论提供引子；
三、输入相关背景知识，为学生了解单元话题内容，进行进一步讨论、探究提供信息和依据；
四、围绕单元主题，提供给学生一个友善的同龄人间的听说训练的平台，从而帮助学生学得更加自信，将思维真正变成鲜活的、可以使用的语言。本课的设计从日常可以言说的语言谈起，逐步讨论了语言的多种形式——有声的、无声的、人类间的、动物间的等等，扩大学生对语言外延的认识，进而探讨了信息得以传递的各种途径，最后话题缩小到英语语言的学习，为“reading”的导入做了一定的铺垫。
teaching aims:
1. get to know more about different forms of languages;
2. learn different ways in which information can be transmitted;
3. get fully involved in the discussion and share the experiences of learning english.
teaching procedures:
step 1 warming up
the teacher starts the lesson with a small guessing game. students are divided into several groups. a question “how many languages are there in the world?” is presented on the screen. answers varying from “more than ” to “more than 7000” are also presented on the screen. students are encouraged to guess the answers. and students who guess it right can gain points for their groups. and the answer is more than 6000.
【设计说明】从简单的竞猜游戏过渡进入课堂教学，生动活泼，从最大限度上激发学生的热情和积极融入课堂的参与意识。可以按小组实施，对每组选择不同答案的人数加以分别统计，最后以每组猜对正确答案的人数记入分数。由于设计的是竞猜，最大的好处是使学生无论基础如何，都能参与进来，而且都可能为本组获得成绩贡献自己的一份力量，对于将英语语言学习上后进的同学带入课堂能起到较好的作用。
step 2 presentation of a card
present a new year’s card to the students. ask them to recognize the languages printed on the card. if some students could read some of the languages, encourage them do it in the class.
【设计说明】印有多种新年祝福语(中、英、法、俄、日)的卡片是书本图片的第一张。部分学生可能可以辨认出其中两至三种语言，甚至更多。如果学生愿意在班里朗读这些祝福语，也可以为他们的组获得分数。这样的设计，一方面为部分学生铺设了展示的舞台，可以增加这些学生学习语言的自豪感和为团队争光的荣誉感；另一方面，可以激发其他学生学习语言的动力和兴趣。如果教师自身条件允许，可以教学生这些语言的读法，不失为一次既有亲和力，又能激发课堂活力的活动。
step 3 discussion of emoticons
an emoticon is presented on the screen. two questions “we often see this while chatting on line or in our text messages, what does it stand for? could you give some other examples of emoticons?” are raised on the screen as well. students are encouraged to utter their ideas freely. and the teacher really should appreciate their answers and the opportunity to learn from the students.
more emoticons are presented on the screen to let students guess or tell the meaning of them. this can also be involved in the competition if the teacher wants it to be interesting.
【设计说明】网络及手机短信中的表情符号是学生们生活中较为流行的一种语言形式，对这一学生熟知的语言现象的讨论，有助于拉近语言与学生间的距离，更有助于充分调动学生的学习积极性。
step 4 discussion on other forms of languages
tell students that a language is not only something that can be spoken or typed. show them a picture of sign language on the book. give a short introduction of the meaning of the gesture. present more pictures of sign language and get students to guess their meaning.
【设计说明】介绍语言不仅仅包含可书写和可言说的形式，还有手势等形式。简单介绍同一手势在不同国家和文化中蕴含的意义不同，在激发学生学习热情的同时，加强了文化的输入，和跨文化交际意识的培养。
step 5 introduction of braille
deaf people can use sign language to communicate. ask students “how can blind people read the language in the books?” present a picture of braille alphabet on the screen. ask students to feel the dots on their cash if possible.
【设计说明】与学生讨论盲文。简单介绍盲文的字母表。如果条件允许，可以让学生通过感觉人民币上的盲文标识，对盲文有一个感性的认识。帮助学生体会残疾人学习生活的不便，鼓励他们要努力学习。
step 6 discussion on communication between animals
raise the question “do you believe animals can also speak languages?” let students express their idea about communication between animals.
【设计说明】人类只是这颗蔚蓝色星球居民的一份子，人类用语言交流，那么动物呢？让学生从已有的实际知识出发，加以适当的想象，阐述他们的观点。人类发展的步伐永远需要想象力这对翅膀的推动，在这里，让我们的学生畅所欲言吧。
step 7 discussion of other ways of changing information
present a few pictures of some beautiful dancers in the silent world. ask the students “have you ever been shocked by the magnificent performance?” raise the topic of other ways in which people can exchange their messages. for example “smoke signals and fire signals and etc.” students are allowed to discuss the topic in groups and present their ideas according to the brainchild of their discussion.
based on the discussion, students are encouraged to think over what should be included as language.
【设计说明】残疾舞者的美带给学生震撼和感动，同时激发学生思考讨论其它传递信息和表达思想的途径，从而拓宽他们对语言的理解。语言是思维的载体，是传递思想，文化，知识，美等非物质的途径。通过对语言外延的探讨，加深学生对语言的理解和认识。
step 8 discussion on learning of english
english is the most widely used language in the world. ask students to share their effective methods for studying the english language with each other.
【设计说明】我们将话题从语言的理解缩小到英语课堂。同龄人间的彼此学习是一种比老师苦口婆心的说教有用得多的榜样的力量。老师在这里可以提前邀约对英语学习有想法、有特点、有方法的同学在这一环节做陈述，相信会有意想不到的收获。
step 9 homework
like chinese, english also has a long history. after class, please do some research to find out how the english language has been developing.
【设计说明】通过家庭作业，让学生接触更多关于语言的知识，同时水到渠成地为“reading”的预习做好铺垫。
ang篇6
1、 These large institutions make — and change—the rules to suit themselves.
这些大机构总是随意制定规定，而且说变就变。
2、 1998 was an important year for everyone: a time of change.
1998年对所有人来说都是重要的一年：那是个变革的时期。
3、 Eisenhower used his muscle to persuade Congress to change the law.
艾森豪威尔用他的影响力说服国会修改了该项法律。
4、 They have no wish for any change in the status quo.
他们不想改变现状。
5、 South Africa was going through a period of irreversible change.
南非正在经历一场不可逆转的变革。
6、 They wanted me to change the title to something less gratuitously offensive.
他们希望我将题目修改一下，以免显得太过冒犯。
7、 The change proposed last month was foreshadowed in the March Budget.
上个月提议的变动在3月份的预算中已经有所预兆了。
8、 Too much time is spent worrying over that which one can"t change.
太多的时间花在了担心那些我们无力改变的事情上。
9、 They threatened to walk out if the party did not change direction.
他们威胁说，如果该党不改变方针，他们就将集体退席。
10、 Another change that Sue made was to install central heating.
休所作的另一个改变是安装中央供暖系统。
11、 She even had plastic surgery to change the shape of her nose.
为改变鼻子的形状，她甚至接受了整形手术。
12、 We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive technological change.
我们得让工人学习新技能，以应对巨大的技术变革。
13、 Only with mass direct action will we obtain such change.
只有采取大规模直接行动，我们才会取得这样的改变。
14、 Midland decided to change the way it credited payments to accounts.
米兰银行决定改变付款贷记的方式。
15、 Today, his change of direction seems more in tune with the times.
今天，他方向的改变似乎更与时代合拍。
ang篇7
问答题
1、传统中式婚礼当中的五种有代表性的仪式。
答：挑盖头、入洞房、跨马鞍、拜天地、交杯酒 等。
2、五种传统婚礼当中常用的道具。
答：盖头、花烛、马鞍、火盆、斗、称杆等。
3、传统婚礼中用什么挑起新娘的盖头 ？为什么？
答：秤杆或如意，意思为称心如意。
4、西式婚礼中新郎新娘的站位是怎么样的，为什么？
答:男右女左 ；
因为古时候，盎格鲁撒可逊的新郎时刻准备挺身而出，以保护新娘不会被别人抢走。在结婚典礼时，新郎让新娘站在自己的左边，一旦情敌出现，就可以立即拔出佩戴在右手的剑，英勇击退敌人。
5、为什么新娘要戴手套？
答：在中古世纪时，准新郎要送象征爱的信物，以稳定心上人的心。当时许多绅士送手套给心上人表示求婚，若对方在星期日上教堂时带着那副手套，就表示她已答应求婚。
6、什么新娘要戴面纱？
答：最初新娘的面纱象征着青春和纯洁。很久以前，基督徒的新娘戴着白色面纱，表示清纯和欢庆；或戴蓝色的面纱，以示如圣女玛丽亚的纯洁。
7、为什么新娘穿白色礼服？
答：自罗马时代开始，白色象征着爱情。在1850年到1900年间白色也是富裕的象征。到本世纪初，白色代表纯洁的意义已远超过其他。
8、为什么新娘要抛花球？
答：新娘抛花球意味着谁接到谁就快要结婚了，所以我们经常可以看到一群欣喜若狂的年轻人等待着新娘手中抛出的花球。
9、民间传说的人生四大喜事是什么？
答:久旱逢甘霖 他乡遇故知 洞房花烛夜 金榜题名时
10、我国《婚姻法》中对结婚年龄的规定是什么？
答：男不低于22周岁。女不低于20周岁。
11、交杯酒是婚礼上的常见仪式，请说出交杯酒的其他二种以上叫法： 答：合欢酒、交心酒、合婚酒、卯颜酒、合卺（JIN 上声）酒等。
12、描述下列二种花材在婚礼中的寓意：
百合花、鹤望兰（也叫天堂鸟）
答：百合花：百年好合等；
鹤望兰：比翼双飞、事业顺达等。
13、描述下列二种花材在婚礼中的寓意：
粉色的玫瑰、火鹤（也叫红掌）
答：粉色的玫瑰：甜蜜爱情、温柔浪漫等。
火鹤（红掌）：心心相印、大展宏图等。
14、新婚之夜为何又称为“花烛夜”？
答：入洞房后有一项重要的礼仪就是夫妻二人将新娘陪嫁带来的一对绘有龙凤的蜡烛点燃，称为“点花烛”，亦称“点长明灯”或“点长命灯”。
15、什么是“冰人”？请说出它另外的几种称呼答（出三种以上）：
答：冰人即媒人；也叫媒妁、媒婆、红娘、月老、伐柯人等
16、传统婚俗中有吃子孙饺子的习俗，请问：
吃子孙饺子要吃几个？为什么？
答：吃七个，古代以生五男二女为大吉。
（全部答出得分）
17、你能简要说说“婚礼司仪”和“婚礼主持人”的区别吗？
答：婚礼司仪是指仅仅报告婚礼进行程序的人，而婚礼主持人除了“司仪”的功能外，还要兼有前期策划、烘托气氛、控制场面、随机应变等作用。婚礼主持人比婚礼司仪更要求具有全面能力。
18、说出传统中式婚礼中常见的乐器，四种以上：
答：唢呐、笙、萧、锣、鼓、笛子等。
19、“在天愿为比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝”是一句家喻户晓的描述爱情的著名诗句，也是婚礼主持人经常用到的一句祝福语，请问，这句名句描述的是哪二个人的爱情故事？
答：唐玄宗（李隆基）和杨贵妃（杨玉环）。
20、现在常见的婚礼形式有哪些？（说出6种以上）
答：田园、灯光、旅游、中式、西式、空中、水下、广告、教堂。
21、传统的旧式婚礼中，新娘出阁前必须要做的一件事是什么？现代的婚礼中，通常新娘在出嫁前要做的一件事是什么？
答：开脸或挽面（或绞脸），化妆。
22、中国传统结婚礼俗问答，请说出传统婚俗中的“三书”是什么？
答：“三书”是指“六礼”过程中的来往文书。分别是订婚时交换的“聘书”；过大礼时互换的“礼书”；迎亲时由男方送到女家“迎书”。
23、中国传统结婚礼俗问答，请说出传统婚俗中的“六礼”是什么？
答：“六礼”是指由求婚、说媒到迎娶、完婚的交道手续。分别是“纳礼”、“问名”、“纳吉”、“纳徾”、“请期”、“亲迎”。
24、能在晚上举行婚礼吗？“婚者，谓黄昏时行礼，故曰婚”出自什么？ 答：可以，在中国古代迎娶花轿都在黄昏以后。上面的那句出自《白虎通》。
25、中国传统结婚礼俗问答，传统婚礼中的“合卺酒”——交杯酒始于哪个朝代？有什么象征意义？
答：始于周朝，象征着夫妻合二为一，永结同心，同甘共苦的意思。
26、说出婚庆公司能为新人提供的主要服务内容（四种以上）？
答：场地布置、婚礼策划、婚礼主持、婚礼摄像、婚礼摄影、化妆等。
27、说出常见三种以上新娘手捧花的样式？
答：瀑布型、圆球形、杖形、月牙形、花环、花篮等
28、中国传统结婚礼俗问答，传统婚礼中的嫁妆中，除珍贵的珠宝首饰外，还有一些象征好兆头的东西，请说出三样？
答：剪刀（表示蝴蝶双飞，永不分离的意思）、尺（表示良田万顷）、痰盂（表示子孙桶）、花瓶（表示花开富贵）、同偕到老（铜盆及鞋、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗）等。
29、我国许多少数民族有着民族特色婚俗，请回答回族新人的婚礼由谁主持，怎么称呼这个角色？
答：清真寺的主持，称谓阿訇。
30、在讲究的婚礼中，进行到婚宴的时候，新娘更换的服装一般不用什么颜
色，而用什么颜色？
答：不用白色，换成比较有个性的彩色。
31、西式婚礼中，新郎要抛东西吗？
答：要抛袜圈同样寓意谁接到谁就快要成新郎了。
32、请分别说出西方情人节和中国情人节的日期？
答：公历2月14日和农历7月7日。
33、新娘的手捧花与新郎的胸花之间有什么关系？
答：新郎的胸花是新娘手捧花束中的一朵。
34、中国婚礼中有一个隆重的“拜堂”仪式，新郎、新娘在鞠躬时他们的腰应该弯到多少度是最合适的，其中三拜分别是拜什么？
答：45度，一拜天地，二拜父母，三拜夫妻。
35、在婚宴当中，按照酒杯的不同种类，倒酒的程度是不一样的，白酒、红酒、软饮分别是？
答：白酒为八成，红半怀多，软饮为八成满。
36、现代婚礼以什么为主要感情线索来贯串整个婚礼？
答：以爱情、亲情、友情为主要感情线索。
51、婚礼主持人的基本素质？说出四条以上
答：具备一定的文化底蕴；具备一定的应变能力；具备一定的表演才能；服务功能、甘当配角；具备一定的口才；具备一定的沟通能力。
52、婚礼主持人的作用？说出三条以上
答：确定基调；推进程序；营造气氛；沟通关系；
53、婚礼主持人形体语言的运用表现在几个方面？说出三条以上
答：仪表；空间；手势；目光；
54、婚庆服务行业从业人员的职业道德？说出四条以上
答：弘扬健康、文明、时尚的婚礼文化；敬业；守德；遵信；保质；自觉维护行业的形象和利益。
55、从什么时候开始，迎亲改为早晨？
答：古时男家去女家迎亲时均在夜间，自（唐代）开始，始将迎亲的时间改为早晨
59、执子之手与子偕老的上半句是什么？源自哪里？寓意是什么？
答：（死生契阔与子成说）执子之手与子偕老，源自《诗经·邶风·击鼓》，寓意是：描写的是一位士兵驻守边关，久未与妻子相见，回忆当日离别之时的情景：无论生死，无论聚散，让我们发下海誓山盟：牵着你的手，让我们一起慢慢变老。
60、父母之命 媒妁之言源自哪个朝代？
答：父母之命 媒妁之言源自（汉代）
61、月老的由来？
答：大约在唐代 民间神话中又出现了专司婚姻之神-----月下老人，后世称媒人为月下老人 简称为月老
62、六礼中的“纳吉”是什么？
答：即把占卜合婚好消息告诉女方，也是以雁为礼——后世多以金银首饰等物为礼，相当于现在的定婚。俗成送定、过定、定聘
63、“关关雎鸠，在何之洲，窈窕淑女，君子好求”出自哪里？
答：《诗经·国风·周南》
64、请预测一下2007年婚礼流行趋势：（三个以上、有独到见解给分）答：
65、我国的四大发明是什么？
答：指南针、造纸术、火药、印刷术。
66、古时候新娘为什么要盖红盖头？
答：古时候婚礼时，新娘头上都会蒙着一块别致的大红绸缎，被称为红盖头，这块盖头要入洞房时由新郎揭开。最早的盖头约出现在南北朝时的齐代，当时是妇女避风御寒使用的只仅仅盖住头顶。到唐朝初期，便演变成一种从头披到肩的帷帽，用以遮羞。据传说唐朝开元天宝年间，唐明皇李隆基为了标新立异，有意突破旧习，指令宫女以“透额罗”罩头，也就是妇女在唐初的帷帽上再盖一块薄纱遮住面额，作为一种装饰物。从后晋到元朝，盖头在民间流行不废，并成为新娘不可缺少的喜庆装饰。为了表示喜庆，新娘的盖头都选用红色的。
67、用“千金”来比喻女子最早的文字记载是那个时期？
答：见于元代曲作家张国宾所写的杂剧《薛仁贵荣归故里》：“你乃是官宦人家的千金小姐，请自稳便。”明、清以后的话本小说中称女孩子为“千金”的就更多了。
68、西餐有什么礼仪要注意：（三条以上）
(一）、当众剔牙不文明：
（二）、餐巾可以暗示宴会的开始和结束：在正式宴会上，女主人把餐巾铺在腿上是宴会开始的标志。女主人要把餐巾放在桌子上了，是宴会结束的标志
（三）、中途离开餐巾应当放椅面上：
（四）、没吃完，刀叉不能并排放
（五）、汤匙不能含口中：
69、请说出情人节的由来：
答：传说公元三世纪时，古罗马有一位暴君叫克劳多斯（Claudius）。为了保证人们忠于战争，他下令禁止人们于此时结婚，甚至连已订了婚人也马上要解除婚约。离暴君的宫殿不远，有一座非常漂亮的神庙。修士瓦伦丁（Valentine）就住在这里瓦伦丁在神圣的祭坛前为它们悄悄地举行了婚礼。消息终于传到了克劳多斯的耳里。他暴跳如雷，命令士兵们冲进神庙，将瓦伦丁从一对正在举行婚礼的新人身旁拖走，投入地牢。公元270年的2月14日，瓦伦丁在地牢里受尽折磨而死。为了纪念瓦伦丁，后来的人们把这一天作为“情人节”。
ang篇8
人教新课标：必修4 unit 4 重点难点汇集
必修4 unit 4 body language 重点难点汇集
1. major, local & represent
【课文原句】they will be meeting at a major hotel with local business people and people who represent the chinese government. (p25)
【名师点拨】(1) major adj. 表示“主要的；较大的；重要的”，句中a major hotel 意思是“大酒店”；major经常用作名词，意为“主修课程；专业课”；可作动词，主要用于major in，意为“主修”。如：
many people wish to live in a major city.
she decided to take computer as her major.
my friend majored in economics at tsinghua university.
(2) local adj. 表示“地方的；当地的”。含有local的常用词组：local customs意为“地方风俗”；local news意为“本地新闻”；the local tv station意为“地方电视台”；the local court意为“地方法院”；the local government意为“地方政府”。如：
my sister studies at a local university.
(3) represent在本句中是“代表”的意思，还有“象征；表现；描绘；扮演”等意思。如：
we must choose someone to represent us. (代表)
the stars in our flag represent the states. (象征)
this picture represents a man riding a horse. (表现)
【知识拓展】meet with sb表示“和某人会晤（商讨问题等）”。但具体句子要具体分析，有时候可表示“偶然遇见”。如：
i met with a friend on the train yesterday. （偶遇）
2. introduce
【课文原句】you introduce them to each other, and are surprised by what you see. (p26)
【名师点拨】introduce表示“介绍；引荐；引进；采用”等意思，常和to连用，即introduce… to…。在本句中是“介绍；引荐”的意思。如：
let me introduce myself to you first.
the chairman introduced the speaker to the audience.
【知识拓展】introduce的名词形式是introduction，意为“介绍”，多作不可数名词，有时候也作可数名词；还可译为“引论；导言；概论”，是可数名词。如：
my next guest needs no introduction (= is already known to everyone).
before the meeting began i made the necessary introductions.
the introduction in a book tells us what the book is about.
3. approach & touch
【课文原句】mr garcia approaches mrs smith, touches her shoulder and kisses her on the cheek. (p26)
【名师点拨】(1) approach vt. & vi. 意为“接近；靠近；走近”。approach作名词讲时，表示“方法；步骤；途径；接近”，用于make approaches to sb，表示“想法接近（认识）某人”。如：
we could just see the train approaching in the distance.
it began to rain when he approached his home.
the time is approaching when we must be on board.
all approaches were blocked because of the accident.
a new approach should be found to solve the matter.
i am not good at making approaches to strangers.
(2) touch作动词讲，意为“接触；触摸”；touch作名词时，除了“接触；触摸”的意思外，还有“联系”的意思。如：
visitors are not allowed not to touch the exhibits.
keep in touch with 同……保持联系
get in / into touch with 和……取得联系
lose touch with 和……失去联系
be out of touch with 同……失去联系
4. express
【课文原句】… they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance, actions or posture. (p26)
【名师点拨】express vt.意为“表达；表示”。文中express their feelings 意为“表达他们的感情”；express oneself用于表达自己的意思、思想或情感。如：
no words can express my thanks to your help.
he can express himself in clear english now after five years" hard learning.
【知识拓展】express作名词讲时，表示“快车；快递；快件”。如：
the no. 102 special express to beijing 开往北京的102次特快
5. avoid
【课文原句】it is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. (p26)
【名师点拨】avoid vt. 表示“避开；避免”，avoid difficulty in communication意思是“避免交际上的困难”。avoid后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：
why are you trying to avoid that boy?
i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and ran towards me.
6. be likely to
【课文原句】people from places like spain, italy or south american countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (p26)
【名师点拨】likely作形容词，指“可能发生某事”，后可接不定式或从句。be likely to意为“很可能……；有希望……”。如：
do remind me because i"m likely to forget.
it"s quite likely that we"ll be in spain this time next year.
they are likely to refuse your invitation.
【知识拓展】likely, possible, probable都含有“可能的”的意思，但也有差异：
likely指从表面迹象来看很有可能。如：
look at the black clouds. it is likely to rain tonight.
possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思。如：
it is possible to go to the moon now.
probable语气比 possible强，“可能性”最大，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概、很可能”的意思。如：
i don"t think the story is probable.
7. at ease
【课文原句】a smile is the universal facial expression — it is intended to put people at ease. (p29)
【名师点拨】at ease是个固定词组，意思是“处在舒适、自由自在的状态下”。本句中put people at ease意为“使人自由自在；不拘束”。如：
her mind was at ease, knowing that the children were safe.
【知识拓展】(1) ease作名词讲时，表示“安逸；安心；不费力；悠闲”。如：
he leads a life of ease. (= he leads an easy life.)
(2) ease 作动词讲时，表示“解除；减轻（痛苦、忧愁或烦恼）”。如：
the doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain.
(3) ease的常用短语：
with ease (= easily) 熟练地；轻而易举地
be (feel) ill at ease 局促不安， 心神不宁
put sb at his ease 使某人宽心； 使某人感到无拘无束
stand at ease 稍息
ang篇9
unit 1 friendship
the third period using the language
direct speech and indirect speech
i. teaching aims
1. ability aims: to enable the students to put what they have learned to practical use.
2. language aims: to get the students to learn by observation what direct and indirect speech is and the transition between them.
ii. teaching important points
the transition between direct speech and indirect speech
iii. teaching method: interactions
teacher-student, individual, pairs, groups
iv. language focuses
the transition between direct speech and indirect speech
v. teaching procedures
step ⅰ leading-in
1. greetings and free talk
2. a guessing game to introduce what is direct speech and indirect speech.
step ⅱ presentation
1. presentation
make clear to the ss the definition according to what is shown on the screen.
2. group work: observation
work in group of 6. read the sentences carefully and try to find the answers to these questions:
1) what’s the difference between the two sentences in each pair?
2) what changes do we make to turn direct speech into indirect speech?
3. note-making and team work
take down what you have discovered in the form given.
直接引语 间接引语
关联词
语序
时态
人称代词
状语
4. the teacher shows a sample sheet from one group and gives further explanations.
step ⅲ practice
1. oral practice
practise making necessary changes in verb tenses, word order, personal pronouns, adverbials and so on with the help of the multi-media.
2. written work
textbook page 5, exercise 2
step ⅳ production
give situational performance.
step ⅴ summary and assignment
ang篇10
reference for teaching
ⅰ.异域风情
a graded reader
a graded reader is a book containing simplified languages used to help learners master the come in different levels,from beginners to learners need to choose a reader that is suitable for their level.
why use readers?
lots of research shows that extensive reading improves all aspects of language learning,including vocabulary,speaking skills,fluency,writing skills and reading comprehension.
reading is a way of learning english without classes or a teacher.it helps develop learner independence.and while reading graded readers,learners don’t have to run to a dictionary because the language is at their level.
how do i get started?
the entire class can read the same book or different books at different times.
how do i know the right level?
if your class is all reading the same book,choose one that is appropriate for their level.if your students are reading different books,you can have a selection of books at different levels.in this case,don’t worry too much about the level.a learner who is interested in detective stories might read a higher level book if the motivation is there.
how to read the book depends on students’ age,motivation and class time available.some classes like to read silently,others like to read aloud in small groups and some enjoy being read to by the teacher.be sensitive to the class and ask for their opinions.
some pre-reading activities are needed.before students open a book,it is important to spark interest in the story and in the whole process of reading.for example,ask them to guess what the story is from cover,chapter titles and let students put them in the best order,or discuss the author.
during reading,choose a suitable chapter or chapters that can be broken down to make a comic students select a part of the book to make into a radio play.students can also become journalists and report on parts of the story.choose a piece of action and have students write it up.besides,students can role-play an interview with a character.
ⅱ.知识归纳
1.stick(stuck,stuck)v.
(1)贴，粘
two pages of the dictionary stuck together.
这部词典中有两页粘在了一起。
(2)插，扎，固定在某处
i found a nail sticking in the tyre.
我发现轮胎上有个钉子。
(3)卡住，陷在……里（无法移动）
the heavy snow stuck the traffic for hours.
大雪使交通中断了好几个小时。
（4）随便放某处
stick it on the desk.
就把它放在桌子上吧。
（5）忍受（主要用在口语中）
we don’t like hot weather.but last summer i stuck it in the south for a few weeks.
我们不喜欢大热天，但去年夏天我在南方遭受了好几个星期的大热天。
（6）老待在某处
she’s stuck(=has to stay)at home all day with the children.
她不得不整天待在家且照看孩子。
stick at
(1)坚持干（某事），努力干（某事）
he sticks at his work ten hours a day.
他坚持每天工作10小时。
（2）让……阻碍自己，因……而停滞不前，就是要……也在所不惜
he wouldn’t stick at cheating to get what he wanted.
为得到他想要的东西，就是骗人的事他也干得出来。
stick out
(1)伸出，突出
how his stomach sticks out!
他肚子好大啊！
（2）伸出某物
stick out your tongue to let the doctor have a look.
伸出舌头来让医生看一下。
（3）显得突出
she has her hair dyed red,which always sticks out in a crowd.
她把头发染红了，因此在人群中总是很显眼。
（4）坚持到底，坚持说
the workers are determined to stick out until they get their demands.
工人们决心坚持到底，达到他们的要求。
stick to
(1)坚持（真理等）
i stick to what i said yesterday.
我坚持昨天我说的话。
(2)坚持干（某事）
he will stick to his task until it is finished.
他决心坚持干他的工作，直到把它干完。
（3）遵循，按……做（讲），跟着……走
we’ve decided to stick to our previous plan.
我们已经决定按既定计划去做。
(4)忠于（某人），（和……）长期保持友好关系
i will stick to my friend tom whatever is said of him.
无论别人说什么，我将忠于我的朋友汤姆。
stick up
(1)伸出来，举起
stick up your hand if you know the answer.
如果知道答案你就举手。
（2）贴上
the examination results will be stuck up on this board tomorrow.
考试结果明天将贴在告示牌上。
2.adopt v.
(1)采取，采用，采纳
they adopted my suggestion finally.
他们最终采纳了我的建议。
（2）通过
the board adopted the proposal after much debate.
经过多次辩论，董事会采纳了他的建议。
（3）收养
as they had no children of their own,they adopted an orphan.
因为自己没有孩子，他们收养了一个孤儿。
3.acquire v.
（1）（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力）得到，获得（后面跟抽象名词）
mary acquired confidence.
玛丽有了自信。
（2）（经过努力）得到（具体的东西）
by the time jannes was twenty,he had acquired a store of his own.
到二十岁时，jannes拥有了属于他自己的商店。
4.sense作名词
（1）视觉，听觉，嗅觉等官能（可数）
those who can’t see often have a fine sense of hearing.
眼睛看不见的人往往听力好。
(2)“感觉”（多作单数），常可译为“……感”。
a sense of accomplishment often accompanies hard effort.
成就感往往和艰苦的努力结伴而行。
my teacher had a sense of humour.
我的老师有幽默感。
（3）观念，概念
he has no sense of discipline.
他没有纪律观念。
（4）头脑（不可数）
he had enough sense to know what it meant.
他有足够的头脑，会知道这是什么意思的。
（5）意思，意义（可数）
the word “of” has many senses.
“of”有多种意义。
make sense有意义，有道理，能被理解
the whole article doesn’t make sense.
整篇文章意思看不懂。
make sense of懂，理解
i didn’t make sense of what he said.
我听不懂他说的话。
there is no sense in doing sth.
（做某事）没有道理。
there is no sense worrying.
担心没有道理。
sense作动词是 “感觉到，觉察出”的意思。
he sensed the approaching disaster.
他感觉到灾难即将来临。
ⅲ.词语辨析
1.awful,terrible,dreadful,horrible,horrid
awful具有“由于对某个强大的，伟大的，具有特殊意义的人或事物的尊敬，崇拜和畏惧而引起的骇怕”的隐微含义。有时仅表示“非常的，大的”。
the band plays the awful music of “don juan” before the statue enters.
在塑像出来之前，乐队奏“唐•璜”中的令人恐怖的音乐。
she has got an awful lot of work to do.
她有很多工作要做。
terrible表示“对某种具有较大力量的东西的惧怕；恐怖的；能使人痛苦的”。
a terrible fire destroyed six houses.
可怕的大火烧毁了六所房屋。
dreadful有“因害怕和恐惧而引起惊恐”的含义。
cancer is a dreadful disease.
癌症是一种可怕的病。
horrible有“与其说是引起害怕和恐惧的感觉，不如说是引起讨厌和仇恨；可恶的”和“使人憎恶的”等隐含的意义。
from the fish dealers’ stalls arises a horrible smell.
在卖鱼摊上冒出一股令人厌恶的气味。
horrid的意义和形容词horrible相近，隐含有“可恶的，讨厌的”等意义。
what a horrid nuisance!
真讨厌！
2.get,receive,obtain,gain，acquire
get“得，取得，获得”，具有最广泛的意义，是口语中最普通的用词，不管通过任何方式取到手，都可用get，可以代换本组其他各同义词。
i went from one place to another but got the same answer everywhere.
我走了一处又一处，但听到的回答都是一样的。
receive隐含主体的消极性，如：他只是接受别人送给他的东西（to receive the letter,news,telegram收到信、消息、电报；to receive punishment接受惩罚）。
on the third day he wrote to her and received an answer.
第三天他给她写了一封信，并收到了回信。
obtain“得，得到”，是书面用语，隐含主体的主动性，主体尽了一定的努力，或至少是表示出强烈的愿望才得到了什么；强调达到目的这一事实。
he obtained much experience through his work.
他通过工作得到很多经验。
gain“得，获得”，隐含“要花费力气或通过竞争和斗争才能获得”的意义，并指所得的东西有一定的好处和利益。
he could hardly gain a livelihood in paris.
他在巴黎难以谋生。
acquire“获得，取得”，通过自己的努力或行为而使原有的东西更多，并成为永久所有；也指慢慢并渐次地获得，如智力等。
you must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language.
要获得良好的外语知识，你必须努力。
3.effective,efficient
effective(adj.)“有效，有效力，生效，有效果”，指得到所希望的结果或产生比较长远的效果，可以用于人或事，用于人时，指所做的事收到一定的效果，有时也指印象深刻或显眼等。
he is an effective speaker.
他是个有力的发言者。
people were deeply impressed with this effective scheme of decoration.
这个有效的装饰设计给了人们深刻的印象。
efficient(adj.)“有效率的，得力的，效果好，有能力，有本领”，这个词除了指效果好以外，还含有方法好，做事不太费劲的意味，用于人、事物或行为，但用以形容人时，要指有才干的人。
efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.
有效率的管理是降低成本的一个因素。
an efficient executive,he soon had matters running smoothly.
他是一个有本领的领导者，很快就使事情顺利进行了。
ⅳ.能力训练
同义句型转换
1.老师要求学生记住这首诗。
（1）the teacher asked the students to_______the poem.
(2)the teacher asked the students to_______the poem.
(3)the teacher asked the students to_______the poem_______ _______.
答案：(1)memorize (2)remember（3）learn;by heart
2.她幻想太多，成绩退步，落人之后。
（1）she dreamed too much and_______ _______ _______her lessons.
(2)she dreamed too much and_______ _______ _______her lessons.
答案：(1)fell behind in (2)did not know
3.我今天有许多工作要做。
（1）i’ve got_______of work to do today.
(2)i’ve got_______of work to do today.
(3)i’ve got_______ _______ _______of work to do today.
(4)i’ve got_______ _______ _______of work to do today.
(5)i’ve got_______ _______of work to do today.
答案：(1)piles (2)lots (3)a great deal (4)a large amount (5)large quantities
4.我们天生有学习语言的能力。
(1)we are_______with a special ability to learn a language.
(2)we_______ _______ _______ _______ _______learning a language.
(3)we have_______ _______ _______to learn a language_______.
答案：（1）equipped (2)have a natural gift for (3)a special ability;naturally
5.他们是双胞胎，很少有人能把他们区别开。
(1)they are twins.few people can_______one_______the other.
(2)they are twins.few people can_______one_______the other.
(3)they are twins.few people can_______ _______one and the other.
(4)they are twins.few people can_______ _______ _______ _______one and the other.
(5)they are twins.few people can_______one_______the other.
答案：(1)distinct;from (2)tell;from (3)tell apart (4)make a distinction between (5)differentiate;from
6.他不顾及我在此事上的感受，继续往下说。
(1)he continued speaking, _______ _______my feeling on the matter.
(2)he continued speaking, _______ _______ _______ _______my feeling on the matter.
答案： （1）regardless of (2)paying no attention to
